Pelvic girdle and lower limb


  • The pelvic girdle is formed two innominate ( hip ) bones. The pelvis is the term given to the basin-shaped structure formed by the pelvic girdle and it's associated sacrum.


Hip ( innominate ) Bone

  • Consist three bone
  • 1) ilium 2) ischium 3) pubis
  • On its lateral surface is a deep depression , the acetabulum , which forms the hip joint with the almost spherical head of femur .
  • The illium upper flattened part and it present the iliac crest , the anterior curve of which is called the anterior superior iliac spine .
  • The ilium forms a synovial joint with the sacrum , the sacroiliac joint , a strong joint of absorbing the stresses of weight bearing and which tends to become fibrosed in later life .
  • Pubis is the anterior part of the bone and it articulates with the pubis of the other hip bone a cartilaginous joint , the symphysis pubis .
  • The ischium is the inferior , and posterior part
  • The rough inferior projection of the ischia the ischial tuberosities , bear the weight of body when seated .



Lower limb


Femur (Thigh) Bone

  • Longest and heaviest bone .
  • The head is almost spherical and fits into the acetabulum of the hip bone .
  • Lower third forms a flat triangular area called the popliteal surface
  • Distal extremity has two condyles later and medial
  • Weight : femur > knee > foot .


Tibia (Shin) bone

  • Proximal extremity 2 broad and flat and present two condyles .
  • Fibula articulates with the lateral condyle forming the proximal tibio-fibular joint
  • Distal extremity of the tibia forms the ankle joint with the talus and the fibula .
  • The media malleolus is a downward projection of bone media to the ankle joint .

 Fibula

  • Head or upper extremity articulates with the lateral condyle or the tibia forming the proximal tibiofibular joint
  • This helps to stabilise the ankle joint


Patella ( knee cap  )

  • Triangular shaped sesamoid bone
  • Posterior surface articulates with patellar surface of the femur in the knee joint and it anterior surface is in the patellar tendon the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle


Tarsal (Ankle) Bone

  • Seven tarsal bones : Talus , Calcaneus , Navicular , Cuboid , 3 Cuneiform
  • Talus articulates with tibia and fibula .
  • The calcaneus forms the heel of the foot
  • Bone articulate with each other and with the metatarsal bone .


Metatarsal ( Bone of the foot )

  • Five bone the greater part of the dorsum (sole) of the foot
  • Proximal end articulates tarsal bone and distal end with the phalanges .


Phalanges

  • 14 phalanges arranged in a similar manner to these in the finger two in great toe ( the hallux ) and three in each of the other toes .